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Categories
Cardiac Pathophysiology – Heart Failure
Systolic vs diastolic dysfunction
Pharmacology (ACE inhibitors, β-blockers, diuretics, ARNI, SGLT2 inhibitors)
Clinical manifestations and staging (NYHA)
Frank–Starling curve alterations
Ventricular remodeling
Compensatory neurohormonal activation (RAAS, SNS, ADH)
HFrEF vs HFpEF mechanisms
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