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Renal Physiology – Tubular Function

Reabsorption and secretion by nephron segments (PCT, loop, DCT, collecting duct)

Hormonal regulation by aldosterone, ADH, ANP

Acid-base handling (H⁺ secretion, HCO₃⁻ reabsorption)

Countercurrent multiplication and urine concentration

Transporters (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, NKCC2, NCC, ENaC)

Sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, glucose handling

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